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{"id":318483,"date":"2023-08-21T13:23:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T11:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.net\/?p=318483"},"modified":"2023-08-21T13:23:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T11:23:00","slug":"kush-po-perfiton-nga-kriza-ushqimore-globale-e-shkaktuar-nga-lufta-ne-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/kush-po-perfiton-nga-kriza-ushqimore-globale-e-shkaktuar-nga-lufta-ne-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"Kush po p\u00ebrfiton nga kriza ushqimore globale e shkaktuar nga lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"Pandemia e Covid-19 dhe lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7mimet e mallrave t\u00eb rriten vitet e fundit, duke e d\u00ebmtuar r\u00ebnd\u00eb sigurin\u00eb ushqimore globale. Aktualisht \u00e7mimet globale t\u00eb ushqimeve kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me kulmin e sh\u00ebnuar nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n Por askush nuk duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaqur: problemet me furnizimin me ushqime n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb mbaruar. Rreziku i paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve mbetet i lart\u00eb. Me nd\u00ebrprerjen e nj\u00ebanshme nga Rusia t\u00eb Nism\u00ebs s\u00eb Grurit t\u00eb Detit t\u00eb Zi dhe me sulmet paralele ndaj infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb eksportit n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, \u00e7mimet e drith\u00ebrave jan\u00eb rritur s\u00ebrish.<\/p>\n Por tregjet ushqimore jo-funksionale jan\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik afatgjat\u00eb. Gruri mbetet m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2 her\u00eb m\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb se sa para pandemis\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, inflacioni i \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb ushqimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb ende mbi 5 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve n\u00eb zhvillim, dhe deri n\u00eb 30 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb Ruanda dhe Egjipt.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb ka shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rritje globale e \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb ushqimeve. Problemi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se fuqia n\u00eb rritje e tregut t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb agrobiznesit, po e rrit rrezikun q\u00eb luhatjet ekstreme t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb ushqimit t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb norm\u00eb.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr shembull merrni sektorin e plehrave kimik\u00eb. Trefishimi i \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb tyre gjat\u00eb viteve 2020-2022 \u2013 q\u00eb solli edhe rritjen e \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb ushqimeve \u2013 u nxit pjes\u00ebrisht nga kostot m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr plehrat azotike, t\u00eb cilat reflektuan rritjen e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb gazit.<\/p>\n Por t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e reja nga GRAIN\/IATP, tregojn\u00eb se kompanit\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor i rrit\u00ebn \u00e7mimet e plehrave p\u00ebrtej asaj q\u00eb nevojitej p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar kostot e rritura t\u00eb prodhimit, duke i rritur n\u00eb 36 p\u00ebr qind fitimet e tyre, edhe pse shit\u00ebn m\u00eb pak produkte.<\/p>\n Raportet e fitimit rezultuan t\u00eb ishin 3 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se p\u00ebrpara fillimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, dhe shum\u00eb mbi mesataren prej 13 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb publikuar nga kompania e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ecuris\u00eb S&P 500. Tregtar\u00ebt global\u00eb t\u00eb grurit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u2019i shnd\u00ebrrojn\u00eb n\u00eb fitime rekord furnizimet m\u00eb t\u00eb pakta.<\/p>\n N\u00eb mesin e vitit 2022, kompania shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebshe e grurit Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) regjistroi fitimet e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb larta 3-mujore t\u00eb arritura ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Edhe rivalja e saj Cargill sh\u00ebnoi gjithashtu fitime rekord me t\u00eb ardhurat totale q\u00eb u rrit\u00ebn me 23 p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n Kush po p\u00ebrfiton nga kriza ushqimore globale e shkaktuar nga lufta n\u00eb<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb i mundur nga p\u00ebrqendrimi n\u00eb rritje i korporatave n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e ushqimit dhe plehrave. ADM dhe Cargill jan\u00eb dy nga kat\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb \u201cABCD\u201d \u2013 s\u00eb bashku me Bunge dhe Dreyfus \u2013 q\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb rreth 70-90 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb tregut bot\u00ebror t\u00eb grurit. Vet\u00ebm 4 kompani z\u00ebn\u00eb 75 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb plehrave azotike n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe 72 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb plehrave potasik\u00eb n\u00eb nivel global. Fal\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb bashkimeve dhe blerjeve, kompani t\u00eb tilla kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta zgjerojn\u00eb ndikimin e tyre n\u00eb zinxhirin e furnizimit.<\/p>\n Tani, nj\u00eb bashkim i propozuar prej 34 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh midis Bunge dhe Viterra \u2013 krahu i grurit t\u00eb gjigantit t\u00eb mallrave Glencore \u2013 do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte p\u00ebrqendrim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb soj\u00ebs dhe kanolas n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Kompanit\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb agrobiznesit g\u00ebzojn\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb menaxhimin e ofert\u00ebs dhe caktimit s\u00eb \u00e7mimeve, t\u00eb ngjashme me rolin e OPEC-ut n\u00eb tregjet e naft\u00ebs. Dhe ato nuk kan\u00eb frik\u00eb q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb: episodet e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb turbullirave t\u00eb tregut \u2013 n\u00eb vitet 1970 dhe n\u00eb vitet 2008-2-11 \u2013 \u00e7uan gjithashtu n\u00eb fitime m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e tregtimit t\u00eb plehrave dhe drith\u00ebrave.<\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb raportim t\u00eb vitit 2021 pran\u00eb enteve rregullatore n\u00eb SHBA, \u201cNutrien\u201d, kompania m\u00eb e madhe e plehrave kimike n\u00eb bot\u00eb, pranoi se \u201c\u00e7mimet e saj t\u00eb shitjes ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb larta sesa kompensimi i kostove m\u00eb t\u00eb rritura t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para dhe v\u00ebllimit m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb shitjeve\u201d.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb varfrit e bot\u00ebs, q\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ushqim deri n\u00eb 60 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb tyre, \u00e7do rritjet me 1 p\u00ebr qind e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb ushqimit mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja shkat\u00ebrruese. Kostot e larta t\u00eb importit p\u00ebr ushqime dhe plehrat kimike jan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb arsye pse shum\u00eb vende me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb mesme po p\u00ebrballen tani me kriz\u00ebn e tyre m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb borxhit n\u00eb 60 vitet e fundit.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa fermer\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga rritja e \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb ushqimeve, kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak se kostot s\u00eb inputeve \u2013 t\u00eb ofruara kryesisht nga firmat e m\u00ebdha me fuqi t\u00eb madhe tregu \u2013 q\u00eb po rriten edhe m\u00eb shpejt se sa \u00e7mimet e produkteve ushqimore.<\/p>\n Madje me \u00e7mimet e fermave q\u00eb tani jan\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie dhe me borxhet n\u00eb rritje (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb normave t\u00eb interesit), shum\u00eb fermer\u00eb po p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb shmangin falimentimin.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa veprimet e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb po nxisin rritjen e s\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb grurit, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tashm\u00eb e qart\u00eb se \u00e7mimet e ushqimeve mund t\u00eb rriten pa paralajm\u00ebrim. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb dyshim se kjo gj\u00eb do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb tronditje.<\/p>\n Pasojat negative ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb thellohen m\u00eb tej n\u00ebse disa kompani ruajn\u00eb ende nj\u00eb pushtet kaq t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm mbi sistemet ushqimore n\u00eb bot\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kjo arsyeja pse qeverit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar stimujt p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrij\u00eb kriza e ardhshme.<\/p>\n Deri m\u00eb sot jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb thirrje bind\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur taksimin mbi fitimet e papritura shtes\u00eb t\u00eb agrobizneseve dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ri-investuar fondet n\u00eb sistemet ushqimore q\u00eb t\u2019i b\u00ebhet ball\u00eb pasojave t\u00eb ndryshimeve t\u00eb klim\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme mbik\u00ebqyrja e vazhdueshme e qeverive ndaj rritjes s\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb plehrave \u2013 si\u00e7 kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar shpesh grupet e fermer\u00ebve \u2013 s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb zbatimin m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb politikave t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar bashk\u00ebpunimet monopol n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor.<\/p>\n Madje qeverit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb marrin n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr dekada kan\u00eb hezituar ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb: t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar monopolet. Monopoli Bunge-Viterra, ofron nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi ideale p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar se \u00e7far\u00eb lloj konsolidimi \u00ebsht\u00eb realisht n\u00eb interesin e publikut dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb mesazh t\u00eb qart\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor: se nuk do t\u00eb tolerohet m\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimi nga krizat ushqimore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pandemia e Covid-19 dhe lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7mimet e mallrave t\u00eb rriten vitet e fundit, duke e d\u00ebmtuar r\u00ebnd\u00eb sigurin\u00eb ushqimore globale. Aktualisht \u00e7mimet globale t\u00eb ushqimeve kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me kulmin e sh\u00ebnuar nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb. Por askush nuk duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaqur: problemet me furnizimin me ushqime […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":318484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oct_exclude_from_cache":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139,173],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-318483","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ekonomi","8":"category-lajme"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=318483"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":318485,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318483\/revisions\/318485"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/318484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=318483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=318483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=318483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}