Meq\u00eb dy nga tre element\u00ebt sigurohen natyrsh\u00ebm nga bim\u00ebt, historia e zjarrit u lidh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar me to. Disa nga d\u00ebshmit\u00eb tona m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme mbi zjarrin datojn\u00eb rreth 440 milion\u00eb vite m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn Siluriane kur klima e Tok\u00ebs u stabilizua, kur u shfaq\u00ebn bim\u00ebt dhe kafsh\u00ebt. Ajo periudh\u00eb ofron d\u00ebshmit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme fosile t\u00eb bim\u00ebve vaskulare. N\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb, zjarri shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur, me nj\u00eb aktivitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose t\u00eb ul\u00ebt bazuar n\u00eb kushtet mjedisore. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Karboniferit, oksigjeni atmosferik arriti nj\u00eb rekord prej 31 p\u00ebr qind, teksa bim\u00ebt u p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb super-kontinentin Pangea.<\/p>\n
Ndaj t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nxjerra nga qymyri sugjerojn\u00eb shum\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb zjarreve gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe. Anasjelltas, sasia e vog\u00ebl e qymyrit nga periudha Triasike, sugjeron se ka pasur m\u00eb pak sasi oksigjen n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pak bim\u00eb. Disa miliona vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, tek Mioceni i Von\u00eb, hominin\u00ebt u zhvendos\u00ebn n\u00eb kullota dhe filluan t\u00eb largoheshin m\u00eb tej nga t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e tyre majmun\u00eb, me shum\u00eb gjasa p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimit midis savan\u00ebs afrikane dhe xhungl\u00ebs s\u00eb dendur. Atje ata kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb zjarre t\u00eb rregullta. Kultura popullore e mb\u00ebshtet imazhin e nj\u00eb njeriu t\u00eb shpellave q\u00eb p\u00ebrplas dy gur\u00eb s\u00eb bashku. Prej tyre fluturojn\u00eb shk\u00ebndija dhe m\u00eb pas momenti i eurek\u00ebs. N\u00eb fakt p\u00ebrdorimi i par\u00eb i zjarrit nga paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb ndoshta nuk ishte nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje kontrolli apo shpikje.<\/p>\n
Ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb moment oportunizmi. N\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje mbi Transaksionet Filozofike t\u00eb Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrore Britanike, J.A.J Gautlet hipotezon se hominin\u00ebt p\u00ebrfituan nga zjarret natyrore p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ushqime. \u201cP\u00ebr hominin\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfitimet nga zjarri mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin nxjerrjen e vez\u00ebve t\u00eb shpend\u00ebve, brejt\u00ebsve, hardhucave dhe kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb vogla, si dhe jo\u2013vertebror\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Edhe pse zjarri nuk krijon burime t\u00eb tilla, ai i b\u00ebn ato shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme dhe gatimi i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb tretshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre. Gautlet v\u00ebren se analoge t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj sjelljeje ekzistojn\u00eb sot n\u00eb bot\u00ebn natyrore. Shimpanzet\u00eb e Savan\u00ebs i p\u00ebrdorin zjarret p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur burimet, nd\u00ebrsa disa lloje zogjsh ndjekin zjarret p\u00ebr t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbyer \u00e7do lloj gjahu q\u00eb ka dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb pyllit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tymit dhe flak\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb hominin\u00ebt e hersh\u00ebm do t\u00eb ken\u00eb nisur t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb vetit\u00eb e zjarrit duke v\u00ebzhguar dhe nd\u00ebrvepruar me k\u00ebto flak\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb cop\u00eb mishi rezulton shum\u00eb e pap\u00ebrpunuar, ata mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00ebsuar ta vendosin n\u00eb prush p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar procesin e gatimit.<\/p>\n
Duke pasur parasysh mb\u00ebshtetjen ton\u00eb t\u00eb hershme tek natyra p\u00ebr zjarrin, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb vjedhja e zjarrit \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur her\u00eb pas here n\u00eb mitologjit\u00eb e bot\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsh ecurin\u00eb e kontrollit t\u00eb hominin\u00ebve mbi zjarrin. Sepse shenjat e zjarrit nuk jan\u00eb ruajtur aq mir\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat arkeologjike sa mjetet e pun\u00ebs dhe guri i strallit.<\/p>\n
Disa zona arkeologjike kan\u00eb ofruar nj\u00eb boll\u00ebk veglash prej guri, gj\u00eb q\u00eb sugjeron ndarje afatgjat\u00eb. Ato l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet se hominin\u00ebt m\u00ebsuan t\u00eb mbanin zjarrin ndezur 2.5 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Por provat e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb hipotez\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa ecim p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb koh\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shohim m\u00eb shum\u00eb prova t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb hominin\u00ebvembi zjarrin. Arkeolog\u00ebt kan\u00eb zbuluar gjurm\u00eb zjarri dhe mbetje kafsh\u00ebsh dhe bim\u00ebsh t\u00eb djegura n\u00eb shpell\u00ebn Vonderverk n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut. Ato datojn\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Dhe vatra m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr e njohur, e gjetur n\u00eb shpell\u00ebn Qesem n\u00eb Izrael, daton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300.000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast arkeolog\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt se cilat specie homininejetonin n\u00eb Qesem. \u201cT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se ato ishin t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga Homo Erectus dhe ka ngjashm\u00ebri si me Homo Sapiens po ashtu edhe me Neandertal\u00ebt\u201d- tha Ran Barkai, arkeologu nga Tel Aviv.<\/p>\n
D\u00ebshmit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr ndezjen e zjarrit, shfaqen rreth 120.000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb kur hominin\u00ebtkishin qasje tek spangoja, nj\u00eb kusht p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar harqe. \u201cP\u00ebrdorimi i zjarrit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji ose nj\u00eb proces i vet\u00ebm, por disa shkall\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi dhe ndoshta disa teknologji q\u00eb evoluan gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, q\u00eb u nd\u00ebrthur\u00ebn dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht u lidh\u00ebn s\u00eb bashku\u201d- thot\u00eb Gautlet.<\/p>\n
Por si na b\u00ebri njer\u00ebz zjarri? Ai na dha mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb gatuanim ushqimin ton\u00eb. Mishi i gatuar \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrtypur dhe tretur. Trupi yn\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb ushqyese nga e nj\u00ebjta sasi mishi. Po ashtu gatimi i perimeve rrit nivelet e gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme si antioksidant\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Kjo sepse procesi i gatimit shkat\u00ebrron muret qelizore t\u00eb bim\u00ebve dhe ashtu si mishi, i b\u00ebn ato m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t\u2019u tretur dhe p\u00ebrpunuar. Dhe aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar ushqime t\u00eb gatuara i dha form\u00ebn trurit dhe trupit t\u00eb paraardh\u00ebsve tan\u00eb Homo Sapiens.<\/p>\n
Meq\u00eb paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb shpenzonin m\u00eb pak energji p\u00ebr tretjen e ushqimeve, dhe mund t\u00eb nxirrnin l\u00ebnd\u00eb ushqyese shtes\u00eb, kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb ushqyese p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpenzuar, dhe evolucioni i shpenzoi ato p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer nj\u00eb tru m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Dhe ky i fundit na dha mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunonim m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacione, t\u00eb krijonim grupe sociale m\u00eb dinamike dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtateshim me habitatet e panjohura.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme n\u00eb aspektin evolucionar. Gjithsesi hipoteza e gatimit ka kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e saj. Disa studiues thon\u00eb se ka pak prova se njer\u00ebzit gatuanin apo mbanin ndezur zjarre n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Homo erectus (afro 1.5 milion\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb).<\/p>\n
Por \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrkaq e mundur q\u00eb nj\u00eb diet\u00eb me mish t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuar dhe perime mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb siguruar l\u00ebnd\u00ebt ushqyese t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr trurin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Hipoteza t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb rritjen e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb trurit t\u00eb hominin\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull hipoteza e trurit social,\u00a0 argumenton se truri yn\u00eb evoluoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar sfidat e t\u00eb jetuarit n\u00eb grupe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n
Por edhe k\u00ebtu luan nj\u00eb rol zjarri. Mos harroni se para se paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb t\u00eb ndiznin zjarrin, ata duhej ta ruanin at\u00eb. Kjo k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb ndarje pune, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur vet\u00ebm tek nj\u00eb specie me nj\u00eb rrjet social shum\u00eb t\u00eb strukturuar.<\/p>\n
S\u2019ka asnj\u00eb dyshim q\u00eb zjarri ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb shtyt\u00ebs kryesor n\u00eb evolucionin e qytet\u00ebrimit. Ai na ndihmoi t\u00eb migronim n\u00eb klimat q\u00eb n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb tjera do t\u00eb ishin jo mikprit\u00ebse. Ai ishte thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr zhvillimin e kuzhin\u00ebs, bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, metalurgjis\u00eb, arkitektur\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb industrish t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/ins><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga shpikjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, zjarri, mbetet po aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sot sa n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e paraardh\u00ebsve tan\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Edhe pse jo aq i duksh\u00ebm sa dikur. Sepse n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi e kemi z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar vatr\u00ebn tradicionale t\u00eb zjarrit me furrat elektrike dhe ngrohjen qendrore. Sot e p\u00ebrdorim zjarrin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":249079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oct_exclude_from_cache":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[171],"tags":[1681,1241],"class_list":{"0":"post-249078","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-technology","8":"tag-teknology","9":"tag-teknologji"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249078"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249080,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249078\/revisions\/249080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/249079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prishtinapress.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}